apt-get
(8)APT package handling utility -- command-line interface
Options
52--no-install-recommendsDo not consider recommended packages as a dependency for installing. Configuration Item: APT::Install-Recommends.
--install-suggestsConsider suggested packages as a dependency for installing. Configuration Item: APT::Install-Suggests.
-d--download-onlyDownload only; package files are only retrieved, not unpacked or installed. Configuration Item: APT::Get::Download-Only.
-f--fix-brokenFix; attempt to correct a system with broken dependencies in place. This option, when used with install/remove, can omit any packages to permit APT to deduce a likely solution. If packages are specified, these have to completely correct the problem. The option is sometimes necessary when running APT for the first time; APT itself does not allow broken package dependencies to exist on a system. It is possible that a system's dependency structure can be so corrupt as to require manual intervention (which usually means using dpkg --remove to eliminate some of the offending packages). Use of this
-m--ignore-missing--fix-missingIgnore missing packages; if packages cannot be retrieved or fail the integrity check after retrieval (corrupted package files), hold back those packages and handle the result. Use of this option together with -f may produce an error in some situations. If a package is selected for installation (particularly if it is mentioned on the command line) and it could not be downloaded then it will be silently held back. Configuration Item: APT::Get::Fix-Missing.
--no-downloadDisables downloading of packages. This is best used with --ignore-missing to force APT to use only the .debs it has already downloaded. Configuration Item: APT::Get::Download.
-q--quietQuiet; produces output suitable for logging, omitting progress indicators. More q's will produce more quiet up to a maximum of 2. You can also use -q=# to set the quiet level, overriding the configuration file. Note that quiet level 2 implies -y; you should never use -qq without a no-action modifier such as -d, --print-uris or -s as APT may decide to do something you did not expect. Configuration Item: quiet.
-s--simulate--just-print--dry-run--recon--no-actNo action; perform a simulation of events that would occur based on the current system state but do not actually change the system. Locking will be disabled (Debug::NoLocking) so the system state could change while apt-get is running. Simulations can also be executed by non-root users which might not have read access to all apt configuration distorting the simulation. A notice expressing this warning is also shown by default for non-root users (APT::Get::Show-User-Simulation-Note). Configuration Item: APT::Get::Simulate. Simulated runs print out a series of lines, each representing a dpkg oper
-y--yes--assume-yesAutomatic yes to prompts; assume "yes" as answer to all prompts and run non-interactively. If an undesirable situation, such as changing a held package, trying to install an unauthenticated package or removing an essential package occurs then apt-get will abort. Configuration Item: APT::Get::Assume-Yes.
--assume-noAutomatic "no" to all prompts. Configuration Item: APT::Get::Assume-No.
--no-show-upgradedDo not show a list of all packages that are to be upgraded. Configuration Item: APT::Get::Show-Upgraded.
-V--verbose-versionsShow full versions for upgraded and installed packages. Configuration Item: APT::Get::Show-Versions.
--no-list-columnsDisplay package lists without arranging them in columns. By default, package lists are printed in the style of the "ls" command. Configuration Item: APT::Get::List-Columns.
--commentAdd the given value to the Comment: field in history.log Configuration Item: APT::History::Comment.
-a--host-architectureThis option controls the architecture packages are built for by apt-get source --compile and how cross-builddependencies are satisfied. By default is it not set which means that the host architecture is the same as the build architecture (which is defined by APT::Architecture). Configuration Item: APT::Get::Host-Architecture.
-P--build-profilesThis option controls the activated build profiles for which a source package is built by apt-get source --compile and how build dependencies are satisfied. By default no build profile is active. More than one build profile can be activated at a time by concatenating them with a comma. Configuration Item: APT::Build-Profiles.
-b--compile--buildCompile source packages after downloading them. Configuration Item: APT::Get::Compile.
--ignore-holdIgnore package holds; this causes apt-get to ignore a hold placed on a package. This may be useful in conjunction with dist-upgrade to override a large number of undesired holds. Configuration Item: APT::Ignore-Hold.
--with-new-pkgsAllow installing new packages when used in conjunction with upgrade. This is useful if the update of an installed package requires new dependencies to be installed. Instead of holding the package back upgrade will upgrade the package and install the new dependencies. Note that upgrade with this option will never remove packages, only allow adding new ones. Configuration Item: APT::Get::Upgrade-Allow-New.
--no-upgradeDo not upgrade packages; when used in conjunction with install, no-upgrade will prevent packages on the command line from being upgraded if they are already installed. Configuration Item: APT::Get::Upgrade.
--only-upgradeDo not install new packages; when used in conjunction with install, only-upgrade will install upgrades for already installed packages only and ignore requests to install new packages. Configuration Item: APT::Get::Only-Upgrade.
--allow-downgradesThis is a dangerous option that will cause apt to continue without prompting if it is doing downgrades. It should not be used except in very special situations. Using it can potentially destroy your system! Configuration Item: APT::Get::allow-downgrades. Introduced in APT 1.1.
--allow-remove-essentialForce yes; this is a dangerous option that will cause apt to continue without prompting if it is removing essentials. It should not be used except in very special situations. Using it can potentially destroy your system! Configuration Item: APT::Get::allow-remove-essential. Introduced in APT 1.1.
--allow-change-held-packagesForce yes; this is a dangerous option that will cause apt to continue without prompting if it is changing held packages. It should not be used except in very special situations. Using it can potentially destroy your system! Configuration Item: APT::Get::allow-change-held-packages. Introduced in APT 1.1.
--force-yesForce yes; this is a dangerous option that will cause apt to continue without prompting if it is doing something potentially harmful. It should not be used except in very special situations. Using force-yes can potentially destroy your system! Configuration Item: APT::Get::force-yes. This is deprecated and replaced by --allow-unauthenticated , --allow-downgrades , --allow-remove-essential , --allow-change-held-packages in 1.1.
--print-urisInstead of fetching the files to install their URIs are printed. Each URI will have the path, the destination file name, the size and the expected MD5 hash. Note that the file name to write to will not always match the file name on the remote site! This also works with the source and update commands. When used with the update command the MD5 and size are not included, and it is up to the user to decompress any compressed files. Configuration Item: APT::Get::Print-URIs.
--purgeUse purge instead of remove for anything that would be removed. An asterisk ("*") will be displayed next to packages which are scheduled to be purged. remove --purge is equivalent to the purge command. Configuration Item: APT::Get::Purge.
--reinstallRe-install packages that are already installed and at the newest version. Configuration Item: APT::Get::ReInstall.
--list-cleanupThis option is on by default; use --no-list-cleanup to turn it off. When it is on, apt-get will automatically manage the contents of /var/lib/apt/lists to ensure that obsolete files are erased. The only reason to turn it off is if you frequently change your sources list. Configuration Item: APT::Get::List-Cleanup.
-S--snapshotThis option controls the snapshot chosen for archives with Snapshot: enable in the source entry. For example, -S 20220102T030405Z selects a snapshot from January 2nd, 2022 at 03:04:05 UTC. Configuration Item: APT::Snapshot; see also the sources.list(5) manual page.
-t--target-release--default-releaseThis option controls the default input to the policy engine; it creates a default pin at priority 990 using the specified release string. This overrides the general settings in /etc/apt/preferences. Specifically pinned packages are not affected by the value of this option. In short, this option lets you have simple control over which distribution packages will be retrieved from. Some common examples might be -t '2.1*', -t unstable or -t sid. Configuration Item: APT::Default-Release; see also the apt_preferences(5) manual page.
--trivial-onlyOnly perform operations that are 'trivial'. Logically this can be considered related to --assume-yes; where --assume-yes will answer yes to any prompt, --trivial-only will answer no. Configuration Item: APT::Get::Trivial-Only.
--mark-autoAfter successful installation, mark all freshly installed packages as automatically installed, which will cause each of the packages to be removed when no more manually installed packages depend on this package. This is equally to running apt-mark auto for all installed packages. Configuration Item: APT::Get::Mark-Auto.
--no-removeIf any packages are to be removed apt-get immediately aborts without prompting. Configuration Item: APT::Get::Remove.
--auto-remove--autoremoveIf the command is either install or remove, then this option acts like running the autoremove command, removing unused dependency packages. Configuration Item: APT::Get::AutomaticRemove.
--only-sourceOnly has meaning for the source and build-dep commands. Indicates that the given source names are not to be mapped through the binary table. This means that if this option is specified, these commands will only accept source package names as arguments, rather than accepting binary package names and looking up the corresponding source package. Configuration Item: APT::Get::Only-Source.
--diff-only--dsc-only--tar-onlyDownload only the diff, dsc, or tar file of a source archive. Configuration Item: APT::Get::Diff-Only, APT::Get::Dsc-Only, and APT::Get::Tar-Only.
--arch-onlyOnly process architecture-dependent build-dependencies. Configuration Item: APT::Get::Arch-Only.
--indep-onlyOnly process architecture-independent build-dependencies. Configuration Item: APT::Get::Indep-Only.
--allow-unauthenticatedIgnore if packages can't be authenticated and don't prompt about it. This can be useful while working with local repositories, but is a huge security risk if data authenticity isn't ensured in another way by the user itself. The usage of the Trusted option for sources.list(5) entries should usually be preferred over this global override. Configuration Item: APT::Get::AllowUnauthenticated.
--allow-insecure-repositoriesAllow the update command to acquire unverifiable data from configured sources. APT will otherwise fail at the update command for repositories without valid cryptographically signatures. See also apt-secure(8) for details on the concept and the implications. Configuration Item: Acquire::AllowInsecureRepositories.
--allow-releaseinfo-changeAllow the update command to continue downloading data from a repository which changed its information of the release contained in the repository indicating e.g a new major release. APT will fail at the update command for such repositories until the change is confirmed to ensure the user is prepared for the change. See also apt-secure(8) for details on the concept and configuration. Specialist options (--allow-releaseinfo-change-field) exist to allow changes only for certain fields like origin, label, codename, suite, version and defaultpin. See also apt_preferences(5). Configuration Item: Acqu
--show-progressShow user friendly progress information in the terminal window when packages are installed, upgraded or removed. For a machine parsable version of this data see README.progress-reporting in the apt doc directory. Configuration Items: Dpkg::Progress and Dpkg::Progress-Fancy.
--with-sourcefilenameAdds the given file as a source for metadata. Can be repeated to add multiple files. See --with-source description in apt-cache(8) for further details.
-eany--error-onanyFail the update command if any error occured, even a transient one.
-U--updateRun the update command before the specified command. This is supported for commands installing, removing, or upgrading packages such as install, remove, safe-upgrade, full-upgrade. This can be useful to ensure a command always installs the latest versions, or, in combination with the --snapshot option to make sure the snapshot is present when install is being run. Caveat: Due to technical limitations, locks are acquired individually for each phase, hence an install may fail to acquire locks after successfully executing the update. Until this is resolved, this is merely syntactic sugar for apt
-h--helpShow a short usage summary.
-v--versionShow the program version.
--auditShow audit (and notice) messages. This overrides the quiet option, but only for notice messages, not progress ones.
-c--config-fileConfiguration File; Specify a configuration file to use. The program will read the default configuration file and then this configuration file. If configuration settings need to be set before the default configuration files are parsed specify a file with the APT_CONFIG environment variable. See apt.conf(5) for syntax information.
-o--optionSet a Configuration Option; This will set an arbitrary configuration option. The syntax is -o Foo::Bar=bar. -o and --option can be used multiple times to set different options.
--no-color--colorTurn colors on or off. Colors are on by default on supported terminals for apt(8) and can also be disabled using the NO_COLOR or APT_NO_COLOR environment variables, or further configured by the APT::Color configuration option and scope, see apt.conf(5) for information on that.
DESCRIPTION
apt-get is the command-line tool for handling packages, and may be considered the user's "back-end" to other tools using the APT library. Several "front-end" interfaces exist, such as aptitude(8), synaptic(8) and wajig(1).
Unless the -h, or --help option is given, one of the commands below must be present.
update
upgrade
When a package is supplied as an argument, the package will be installed prior to the upgrade action.
dist-upgrade
When a package is supplied as an argument, the package will be installed prior to the upgrade action.
dselect-upgrade
install
A specific version of a package can be selected for installation by following the package name with an equals and the version of the package to select. This will cause that version to be located and selected for install. Alternatively a specific distribution can be selected by following the package name with a slash and the version of the distribution or the Archive name (stable, testing, unstable).
Both of the version selection mechanisms can downgrade packages and must be used with care.
This is also the target to use if you want to upgrade one or more already-installed packages without upgrading every package you have on your system. Unlike the "upgrade" target, which installs the newest version of all currently installed packages, "install" will install the newest version of only the package(s) specified. Simply provide the name of the package(s) you wish to upgrade, and if a newer version is available, it (and its dependencies, as described above) will be downloaded and installed.
Finally, the apt_preferences(5) mechanism allows you to create an alternative installation policy for individual packages.
If no package matches the given expression and the expression contains one of '.', '?' or '*' then it is assumed to be a POSIX regular expression, and it is applied to all package names in the database. Any matches are then installed (or removed). Note that matching is done by substring so 'lo.*' matches 'how-lo' and 'lowest'. If this is undesired, anchor the regular expression with a '^' or '$' character, or create a more specific regular expression.
Fallback to regular expressions is deprecated in APT 2.0, has been removed in apt(8), except for anchored expressions, and will be removed from apt-get(8) in a future version. Use apt-patterns(7) instead.
reinstall
remove
purge
source
The arguments are interpreted as binary and source package names. See the --only-source option if you want to change that.
Source packages are tracked separately from binary packages via deb-src lines in the sources.list(5) file. This means that you will need to add such a line for each repository you want to get sources from; otherwise you will probably get either the wrong (too old/too new) source versions or none at all.
If the --compile option is specified then the package will be compiled to a binary .deb using dpkg-buildpackage for the architecture as defined by the --host-architecture option. If --download-only is specified then the source package will not be unpacked.
A specific source version can be retrieved by postfixing the source name with an equals and then the version to fetch, similar to the mechanism used for the package files. This enables exact matching of the source package name and version, implicitly enabling the APT::Get::Only-Source option.
Note that source packages are not installed and tracked in the dpkg database like binary packages; they are simply downloaded to the current directory, like source tarballs.
build-dep
The arguments are interpreted as binary or source package names. See the --only-source option if you want to change that.
satisfy
Example: apt-get satisfy "foo" "Conflicts: bar" "baz (>> 1.0) | bar (= 2.0), moo"
The legacy operator '</>' is not supported, use '<=/>=' instead.
check
download
clean
autoclean (and the auto-clean alias since 1.1)
distclean (and the dist-clean alias)
autoremove (and the auto-remove alias since 1.1)
autopurge
changelog
indextargets
FILES
/etc/apt/sources.list
/etc/apt/sources.list.d/
/etc/apt/apt.conf
/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/
/etc/apt/preferences
/etc/apt/preferences.d/
/var/cache/apt/archives/
/var/cache/apt/archives/partial/
/var/lib/apt/lists/
/var/lib/apt/lists/partial/