Section 8 — Administration and privileged commands
408 pages.
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accessdb (8)dumps the content of a man-db database in a human readable format4 optsadd-shell (8)add shells to the list of valid login shellsagetty (8)alternative Linux getty36 optsapt (8)command-line interfaceapt-cache (8)query the APT cache20 optsapt-cdrom (8)APT CD-ROM management utility13 optsapt-config (8)APT Configuration Query program8 optsapt-get (8)APT package handling utility -- command-line interface52 optsapt-mark (8)show, set and unset various settings for a package7 optsapt-secure (8)Archive authentication support for APTarp (8)manipulate the system ARP cache8 optsarpd (8)userspace arp daemon.10 optsatd (8)run jobs queued for later execution5 opts
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catman (8)create or update the pre-formatted manual pages6 optscfdisk (8)display or manipulate a disk partition table7 optschcpu (8)configure CPUs8 optschgpasswd (8)update group passwords in batch mode6 optschmem (8)configure memory7 optschpasswd (8)update passwords in batch mode7 optschroot (8)run command or interactive shell with special root directory5 optscron (8)daemon to execute scheduled commands (Vixie Cron)6 optsctstat (8)unified linux network statistics8 opts
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dcb (8)show / manipulate DCB (Data Center Bridging) settings9 optsdcb-app (8)show / manipulate application priority table of the DCB (Data Center Bridging) subsystemdcb-apptrust (8)show / configure per-selector trust and trust order of the application priority table of the DCB (Data Center Bridging) subsystem.dcb-buffer (8)show / manipulate port buffer settings of the DCB (Data Center Bridging) subsystemdcb-dcbx (8)show / manipulate port DCBX (Data Center Bridging eXchange)dcb-ets (8)show / manipulate ETS (Enhanced Transmission Selection) settings of the DCB (Data Center Bridging) subsystemdcb-maxrate (8)show / manipulate port maxrate settings of the DCB (Data Center Bridging) subsystemdcb-pfc (8)show / manipulate PFC (Priority-based Flow Control) settings of the DCB (Data Center Bridging) subsystemdcb-rewr (8)show / manipulate the rewrite table of the DCB (Data Center Bridging) subsystemdepmod (8)Generate modules.dep and map files.15 optsdevlink (8)Devlink tool11 optsdevlink-dev (8)devlink device configurationdevlink-dpipe (8)devlink dataplane pipeline visualizationdevlink-health (8)devlink health reporting and recoverydevlink-lc (8)devlink line card configurationdevlink-monitor (8)state monitoringdevlink-port (8)devlink port configurationdevlink-rate (8)devlink rate managementdevlink-region (8)devlink address region accessdevlink-resource (8)devlink device resource configurationdevlink-sb (8)devlink shared buffer configurationdevlink-trap (8)devlink trap configuration
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fdisk (8)manipulate disk partition table19 optsfindfs (8)find a filesystem by label or UUID2 optsfindmnt (8)find a filesystem50 optsfsck (8)check and repair a Linux filesystem14 optsfsfreeze (8)suspend access to a filesystem (Ext3/4, ReiserFS, JFS, XFS)4 optsfstab-decode (8)run a command with fstab-encoded argumentsfstrim (8)discard unused blocks on a mounted filesystem12 opts
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genl (8)generic netlink utility frontend5 optsgetty (8)alternative Linux getty36 optsgroupadd (8)create a new group10 optsgroupdel (8)delete a group4 optsgroupmod (8)modify a group definition on the system9 optsgrpck (8)verify integrity of group files5 optsgrpconv (8)convert to and from shadow passwords and groups2 optsgrpunconv (8)convert to and from shadow passwords and groups2 opts
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i386 (8)change reported architecture in new program environment and/or set personality flags17 optsiconvconfig (8)create iconv module configuration cache8 optsifconfig (8)configure a network interface3 optsinsmod (8)Simple program to insert a module into the Linux Kernel5 optsinstallkernel (8)install a new kernel imageintro (8)introduction to administration and privileged commandsip (8)show / manipulate routing, network devices, interfaces and tunnels27 optsip-address (8)protocol address management5 optsip-addrlabel (8)protocol address label managementip-fou (8)Foo-over-UDP receive port configuration ip-gue - Generic UDP Encapsulation receive port configurationip-gue (8)Foo-over-UDP receive port configuration ip-gue - Generic UDP Encapsulation receive port configurationip-ioam (8)IPv6 In-situ OAM (IOAM)ip-l2tp (8)L2TPv3 static unmanaged tunnel configurationip-link (8)network device configurationip-macsec (8)MACsec device configurationip-maddress (8)multicast addresses managementip-monitor (8)state monitoring2 optsip-mptcp (8)MPTCP path manager configurationip-mroute (8)multicast routing cache managementip-neighbour (8)neighbour/arp tables management.ip-netconf (8)network configuration monitoringip-netns (8)process network namespace management1 optsip-nexthop (8)nexthop object managementip-ntable (8)neighbour table configurationip-route (8)routing table managementip-rule (8)routing policy database managementip-sr (8)IPv6 Segment Routing managementip-stats (8)manage and show interface statisticsip-tcp_metrics (8)management for TCP Metricsip-token (8)tokenized interface identifier supportip-tunnel (8)tunnel configurationip-vrf (8)run a command against a vrfip-xfrm (8)transform configurationiptunnel (8)Create and manage IP tunnelsisosize (8)output the length of an iso9660 filesystem4 opts
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ld-linux (8)dynamic linker/loader11 optsld-linux.so (8)dynamic linker/loader11 optsld.so (8)dynamic linker/loader11 optsldattach (8)attach a line discipline to a serial line13 optsldconfig (8)configure dynamic linker run-time bindings17 optslinux32 (8)change reported architecture in new program environment and/or set personality flags17 optslinux64 (8)change reported architecture in new program environment and/or set personality flags17 optslnstat (8)unified linux network statistics8 optslosetup (8)set up and control loop devices20 optslsblk (8)list block devices40 optslslocks (8)list local system locks12 optslsmod (8)Show the status of modules in the Linux Kernel4 optslsns (8)list namespaces16 optslsof (8)list open files36 optslspci (8)list all PCI devices33 optslsusb (8)list USB devices6 opts
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mandb (8)create or update the manual page index caches12 optsmii-tool (8)view, manipulate media-independent interface status8 optsmkfs (8)build a Linux filesystem4 optsmkswap (8)set up a Linux swap area15 optsmodinfo (8)Show information about a Linux Kernel module7 optsmodprobe (8)Add and remove modules from the Linux Kernel21 optsmount (8)mount a filesystem33 opts
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nameif (8)name network interfaces based on MAC addressesnetstat (8)Print network connections, routing tables, interface statistics, masquerade connections, and multicast membershipsnewusers (8)update and create new users in batch4 optsnologin (8)politely refuse a login2 optsnstat (8)network statistics tools.10 opts
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pam_systemd_loadkey (8)Read password from kernel keyring and set it as PAM authtokpartx (8)tell the kernel about the presence and numbering of on-disk partitions18 optspcilmr (8)margin PCIe Links13 optspidof (8)find the process ID of a running program8 optsping (8)send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network hosts39 optsping4 (8)send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network hosts39 optsping6 (8)send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network hosts39 optspivot_root (8)change the root filesystem2 optsplipconfig (8)fine tune PLIP device parametersplocate-build (8)generate index for plocate5 optspwck (8)verify the integrity of password files6 optspwconv (8)convert to and from shadow passwords and groups2 optspwunconv (8)convert to and from shadow passwords and groups2 opts
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rarp (8)manipulate the system RARP table9 optsrc-local.service (8)Compatibility generator and service to start /etc/rc.local during bootrdma (8)RDMA tool8 optsrdma-dev (8)RDMA device configurationrdma-link (8)rdma link configurationrdma-monitor (8)RDMA events monitoringrdma-resource (8)rdma resource configurationrdma-statistic (8)RDMA statistic counter configurationrdma-system (8)RDMA subsystem configurationreadprofile (8)read kernel profiling information11 optsremove-shell (8)remove shells from the list of valid login shellsrmmod (8)Simple program to remove a module from the Linux Kernel5 optsrmt-tar (8)remote magnetic tape serverroute (8)show / manipulate the IP routing table8 optsroutel (8)list routes with pretty output formatrtacct (8)network statistics tools.10 optsrtcwake (8)enter a system sleep state until specified wakeup time14 optsrtmon (8)listens to and monitors RTnetlink5 optsrtstat (8)unified linux network statistics8 optsrun-parts (8)run scripts or programs in a directory15 opts
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savelog (8)save a log file15 optssetarch (8)change reported architecture in new program environment and/or set personality flags17 optssetpci (8)configure PCI devices14 optssfdisk (8)display or manipulate a disk partition table41 optsshadowconfig (8)turn shadow passwords onslattach (8)attach a network interface to a serial linesln (8)create symbolic linksss (8)another utility to investigate sockets46 optsssh-keysign (8)OpenSSH helper for host-based authenticationssh-pkcs11-helper (8)OpenSSH helper for PKCS#11 support1 optsssh-sk-helper (8)OpenSSH helper for FIDO authenticator support1 optsstart-stop-daemon (8)start and stop system daemon programs33 optssudo (8)execute a command as another user20 optssudo_logsrvd (8)sudo event and I/O log server5 optssudo_sendlog (8)send sudo I/O log to log server14 optssudoedit (8)execute a command as another user20 optssudoreplay (8)replay sudo session logs5 optssulogin (8)single-user login5 optsswaplabel (8)print or change the label or UUID of a swap area4 optsswapoff (8)enable/disable devices and files for paging and swapping20 optsswapon (8)enable/disable devices and files for paging and swapping20 optsswitch_root (8)switch to another filesystem as the root of the mount tree2 optssysctl (8)configure kernel parameters at runtime19 optssystemd-ask-password-console.path (8)Query the user for system passwords on the console and via wallsystemd-ask-password-console.service (8)Query the user for system passwords on the console and via wallsystemd-ask-password-wall.path (8)Query the user for system passwords on the console and via wallsystemd-ask-password-wall.service (8)Query the user for system passwords on the console and via wallsystemd-backlight (8)Load and save the display backlight brightness at boot and shutdownsystemd-backlight@.service (8)Load and save the display backlight brightness at boot and shutdownsystemd-battery-check (8)Check battery level whether there's enough charge, and power off if not2 optssystemd-battery-check.service (8)Check battery level whether there's enough charge, and power off if not2 optssystemd-binfmt (8)Configure additional binary formats for executables at boot6 optssystemd-binfmt.service (8)Configure additional binary formats for executables at boot6 optssystemd-boot-check-no-failures (8)verify that the system booted up cleanlysystemd-boot-check-no-failures.service (8)verify that the system booted up cleanlysystemd-bsod (8)Displays boot-time emergency log message in full screen4 optssystemd-bsod.service (8)Displays boot-time emergency log message in full screen4 optssystemd-confext (8)Activates System Extension Images11 optssystemd-confext.service (8)Activates System Extension Images11 optssystemd-debug-generator (8)Generator for enabling a runtime debug shell and masking specific units at bootsystemd-environment-d-generator (8)Load variables specified by environment.dsystemd-fsck (8)File system checker logicsystemd-fsck-root.service (8)File system checker logicsystemd-fsck-usr.service (8)File system checker logicsystemd-fsck@.service (8)File system checker logicsystemd-fstab-generator (8)Unit generator for /etc/fstabsystemd-getty-generator (8)Generator for enabling getty instances on the consolesystemd-gpt-auto-generator (8)Generator for automatically discovering and mounting root, /home/, /srv/, /var/ and /var/tmp/ partitions, as well as discovering and enabling swap partitions, based on GPT partitiosystemd-growfs (8)Creating and growing file systems on demandsystemd-growfs-root.service (8)Creating and growing file systems on demandsystemd-growfs@.service (8)Creating and growing file systems on demandsystemd-halt.service (8)System shutdown logicsystemd-hibernate-clear.service (8)Resume from hibernationsystemd-hibernate-resume (8)Resume from hibernationsystemd-hibernate-resume-generator (8)Unit generator for resume= kernel parametersystemd-hibernate-resume.service (8)Resume from hibernationsystemd-hibernate.service (8)System sleep state logic2 optssystemd-hostnamed (8)Daemon to control system hostname from programssystemd-hostnamed.service (8)Daemon to control system hostname from programssystemd-hybrid-sleep.service (8)System sleep state logic2 optssystemd-initctl (8)/dev/initctl compatibilitysystemd-initctl.service (8)/dev/initctl compatibilitysystemd-initctl.socket (8)/dev/initctl compatibilitysystemd-journald (8)Journal servicesystemd-journald-audit.socket (8)Journal servicesystemd-journald-dev-log.socket (8)Journal servicesystemd-journald-varlink@.socket (8)Journal servicesystemd-journald.service (8)Journal servicesystemd-journald.socket (8)Journal servicesystemd-journald@.service (8)Journal servicesystemd-journald@.socket (8)Journal servicesystemd-kexec.service (8)System shutdown logicsystemd-localed (8)Locale bus mechanismsystemd-localed.service (8)Locale bus mechanismsystemd-logind (8)Login managersystemd-logind.service (8)Login managersystemd-machine-id-commit.service (8)Commit a transient machine ID to disksystemd-makefs (8)Creating and growing file systems on demandsystemd-makefs@.service (8)Creating and growing file systems on demandsystemd-mkswap@.service (8)Creating and growing file systems on demandsystemd-modules-load (8)Load kernel modules at bootsystemd-modules-load.service (8)Load kernel modules at bootsystemd-network-generator (8)Generate network configuration from the kernel command linesystemd-network-generator.service (8)Generate network configuration from the kernel command linesystemd-networkd (8)Network managersystemd-networkd-wait-online (8)Wait for network to come online10 optssystemd-networkd-wait-online.service (8)Wait for network to come online10 optssystemd-networkd-wait-online@.service (8)Wait for network to come online10 optssystemd-networkd.service (8)Network managersystemd-pcrextend (8)Measure boot phase into TPM2 PCR 11, machine ID and file system identity into PCR 158 optssystemd-pcrfs-root.service (8)Measure boot phase into TPM2 PCR 11, machine ID and file system identity into PCR 158 optssystemd-pcrfs@.service (8)Measure boot phase into TPM2 PCR 11, machine ID and file system identity into PCR 158 optssystemd-pcrlock (8)Analyze and predict TPM2 PCR states and generate an access policy from the prediction14 optssystemd-pcrlock-file-system.service (8)Analyze and predict TPM2 PCR states and generate an access policy from the prediction14 optssystemd-pcrlock-firmware-code.service (8)Analyze and predict TPM2 PCR states and generate an access policy from the prediction14 optssystemd-pcrlock-firmware-config.service (8)Analyze and predict TPM2 PCR states and generate an access policy from the prediction14 optssystemd-pcrlock-machine-id.service (8)Analyze and predict TPM2 PCR states and generate an access policy from the prediction14 optssystemd-pcrlock-make-policy.service (8)Analyze and predict TPM2 PCR states and generate an access policy from the prediction14 optssystemd-pcrlock-secureboot-authority.service (8)Analyze and predict TPM2 PCR states and generate an access policy from the prediction14 optssystemd-pcrlock-secureboot-policy.service (8)Analyze and predict TPM2 PCR states and generate an access policy from the prediction14 optssystemd-pcrmachine.service (8)Measure boot phase into TPM2 PCR 11, machine ID and file system identity into PCR 158 optssystemd-pcrphase-initrd.service (8)Measure boot phase into TPM2 PCR 11, machine ID and file system identity into PCR 158 optssystemd-pcrphase-sysinit.service (8)Measure boot phase into TPM2 PCR 11, machine ID and file system identity into PCR 158 optssystemd-pcrphase.service (8)Measure boot phase into TPM2 PCR 11, machine ID and file system identity into PCR 158 optssystemd-poweroff.service (8)System shutdown logicsystemd-pstore (8)A service to archive contents of pstoresystemd-pstore.service (8)A service to archive contents of pstoresystemd-quotacheck (8)File system quota checker logicsystemd-quotacheck.service (8)File system quota checker logicsystemd-random-seed (8)Load and save the OS system random seed at boot and shutdownsystemd-random-seed.service (8)Load and save the OS system random seed at boot and shutdownsystemd-rc-local-generator (8)Compatibility generator and service to start /etc/rc.local during bootsystemd-reboot.service (8)System shutdown logicsystemd-remount-fs (8)Remount root and kernel file systemssystemd-remount-fs.service (8)Remount root and kernel file systemssystemd-rfkill (8)Load and save the RF kill switch state at boot and changesystemd-rfkill.service (8)Load and save the RF kill switch state at boot and changesystemd-rfkill.socket (8)Load and save the RF kill switch state at boot and changesystemd-run-generator (8)Generator for invoking commands specified on the kernel command line as system servicesystemd-shutdown (8)System shutdown logicsystemd-sleep (8)System sleep state logic2 optssystemd-socket-proxyd (8)Bidirectionally proxy local sockets to another (possibly remote) socket4 optssystemd-soft-reboot.service (8)Userspace reboot operationsystemd-ssh-generator (8)Generator for binding a socket-activated SSH server to local AF_VSOCK and AF_UNIX socketssystemd-storagetm (8)Exposes all local block devices as NVMe-TCP mass storage devices5 optssystemd-storagetm.service (8)Exposes all local block devices as NVMe-TCP mass storage devices5 optssystemd-suspend-then-hibernate.service (8)System sleep state logic2 optssystemd-suspend.service (8)System sleep state logic2 optssystemd-sysctl (8)Configure kernel parameters at boot7 optssystemd-sysctl.service (8)Configure kernel parameters at boot7 optssystemd-sysext (8)Activates System Extension Images11 optssystemd-sysext.service (8)Activates System Extension Images11 optssystemd-system-update-generator (8)Generator for redirecting boot to offline update modesystemd-sysusers (8)Allocate system users and groups11 optssystemd-sysusers.service (8)Allocate system users and groups11 optssystemd-sysv-generator (8)Unit generator for SysV init scriptssystemd-timedated (8)Time and date bus mechanismsystemd-timedated.service (8)Time and date bus mechanismsystemd-tmpfiles (8)Create, delete, and clean up files and directories20 optssystemd-tmpfiles-clean.service (8)Create, delete, and clean up files and directories20 optssystemd-tmpfiles-clean.timer (8)Create, delete, and clean up files and directories20 optssystemd-tmpfiles-setup-dev-early.service (8)Create, delete, and clean up files and directories20 optssystemd-tmpfiles-setup-dev.service (8)Create, delete, and clean up files and directories20 optssystemd-tmpfiles-setup.service (8)Create, delete, and clean up files and directories20 optssystemd-tpm2-generator (8)Generator for inserting TPM2 synchronization point in the boot processsystemd-tpm2-setup (8)Set up the TPM2 Storage Root Key (SRK) at bootsystemd-tpm2-setup-early.service (8)Set up the TPM2 Storage Root Key (SRK) at bootsystemd-tpm2-setup.service (8)Set up the TPM2 Storage Root Key (SRK) at bootsystemd-udev-settle.service (8)Wait for all pending udev events to be handledsystemd-update-done (8)Mark /etc/ and /var/ fully updatedsystemd-update-done.service (8)Mark /etc/ and /var/ fully updatedsystemd-user-sessions (8)Permit user logins after boot, prohibit user logins at shutdownsystemd-user-sessions.service (8)Permit user logins after boot, prohibit user logins at shutdownsystemd-volatile-root (8)Make the root file system volatilesystemd-volatile-root.service (8)Make the root file system volatilesystemd-xdg-autostart-generator (8)User unit generator for XDG autostart files
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tc (8)show / manipulate traffic control settings19 optstc-actions (8)independently defined actions in tctc-basic (8)basic traffic control filtertc-bfifo (8)Packet limited First In, First Out queue bfifo - Byte limited First In, First Out queuetc-bpf (8)BPF programmable classifier and actions for ingress/egress queueing disciplinestc-cake (8)Common Applications Kept Enhanced (CAKE)tc-cbs (8)Credit Based Shaper (CBS) Qdisctc-cgroup (8)control group based traffic control filtertc-choke (8)choose and keep schedulertc-codel (8)Controlled-Delay Active Queue Management algorithmtc-connmark (8)netfilter connmark retriever actiontc-csum (8)checksum update actiontc-ct (8)tc connection tracking actiontc-ctinfo (8)tc connmark processing actiontc-drr (8)deficit round robin schedulertc-ematch (8)extended matches for use with "basic", "cgroup" or "flow" filterstc-etf (8)Earliest TxTime First (ETF) Qdisctc-ets (8)Enhanced Transmission Selection schedulertc-flow (8)flow based traffic control filtertc-flower (8)flow based traffic control filtertc-fq (8)Fair Queue traffic policingtc-fq_codel (8)Fair Queuing (FQ) with Controlled Delay (CoDel)tc-fq_pie (8)Flow Queue Proportional Integral controller Enhancedtc-fw (8)fwmark traffic control filtertc-gact (8)generic actiontc-gate (8)Stream Gate Actiontc-hfsc (8)Hierarchical Fair Service Curve's control under linuxtc-htb (8)Hierarchy Token Buckettc-ife (8)encapsulate/decapsulate metadatatc-matchall (8)traffic control filter that matches every packettc-mirred (8)mirror/redirect actiontc-mpls (8)mpls manipulation moduletc-mqprio (8)Multiqueue Priority Qdisc (Offloaded Hardware QOS)tc-nat (8)stateless native address translation actiontc-netem (8)Network Emulatortc-pedit (8)generic packet editor actiontc-pfifo (8)Packet limited First In, First Out queue bfifo - Byte limited First In, First Out queuetc-pfifo_fast (8)three-band first in, first out queuetc-pie (8)Proportional Integral controller-Enhanced AQM algorithmtc-police (8)policing actiontc-prio (8)Priority qdisctc-red (8)Random Early Detectiontc-route (8)route traffic control filtertc-sample (8)packet sampling tc actiontc-sfb (8)Stochastic Fair Bluetc-sfq (8)Stochastic Fairness Queueingtc-simple (8)basic example actiontc-skbedit (8)SKB editing actiontc-skbmod (8)user-friendly packet editor actiontc-skbprio (8)SKB Priority Queuetc-stab (8)Generic size table manipulationstc-taprio (8)Time Aware Priority Shapertc-tbf (8)Token Bucket Filtertc-tunnel_key (8)Tunnel metadata manipulationtc-u32 (8)universal 32bit traffic control filtertc-vlan (8)vlan manipulation moduletcpdump (8)dump traffic on a network80 optstcptraceroute.db (8)print the route packets trace to network host33 optstipc (8)a TIPC configuration and management tool3 optstipc-bearer (8)show or modify TIPC bearers1 optstipc-link (8)show links or modify link properties3 optstipc-media (8)list or modify media properties1 optstipc-nametable (8)show TIPC nametable3 optstipc-node (8)modify and show local node parameters or list peer nodes1 optstipc-peer (8)modify peer information1 optstipc-socket (8)show TIPC socket (port) information1 optstzselect (8)select a timezone4 opts
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umount (8)unmount filesystems16 optsupdate-pciids (8)download new version of the PCI ID list1 optsupdate-shells (8)update the list of valid login shells3 optsupdatedb.plocate (8)update a database for plocate15 optsusbhid-dump (8)dump USB HID device report descriptors and streams9 optsuseradd (8)create a new user or update default new user information27 optsuserdel (8)delete a user account and related files6 optsusermod (8)modify a user account25 opts
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vdpa (8)vdpa management tool3 optsvdpa-dev (8)vdpa device configurationvdpa-mgmtdev (8)vdpa management device viewvigr (8)edit the password, group, shadow-password or shadow-group file6 optsvipw (8)edit the password, group, shadow-password or shadow-group file6 optsvisudo (8)edit the sudoers file9 optsvmstat (8)Report virtual memory statistics14 opts