git-cat-file
(1)Provide contents or details of repository objects
Options
17-tInstead of the content, show the object type identified by <object>.
-sInstead of the content, show the object size identified by <object>. If used with --use-mailmap option, will show the size of updated object after replacing idents using the mailmap mechanism.
-eExit with zero status if <object> exists and is a valid object. If <object> is of an invalid format, exit with non-zero status and emit an error on stderr.
-pPretty-print the contents of <object> based on its type.
--textconvShow the content as transformed by a textconv filter. In this case, <object> has to be of the form <tree-ish>:<path>, or :<path> in order to apply the filter to the content recorded in the index at <path>.
--filtersShow the content as converted by the filters configured in the current working tree for the given <path> (i.e. smudge filters, end-of-line conversion, etc). In this case, <object> has to be of the form <tree-ish>:<path>, or :<path>.
--pathFor use with --textconv or --filters, to allow specifying an object name and a path separately, e.g. when it is difficult to figure out the revision from which the blob came.
--batch--batchPrint object information and contents for each object provided on stdin. May not be combined with any other options or arguments except --textconv, --filters, or --use-mailmap. •When used with --textconv or --filters, the input lines must specify the path, separated by whitespace. See the section BATCH OUTPUT below for details. •When used with --use-mailmap, for commit and tag objects, the contents part of the output shows the identities replaced using the mailmap mechanism, while the information part of the output shows the size of the object as if it actually recorded the replacement identit
--batch-check--batch-checkPrint object information for each object provided on stdin. May not be combined with any other options or arguments except --textconv, --filters or --use-mailmap. •When used with --textconv or --filters, the input lines must specify the path, separated by whitespace. See the section BATCH OUTPUT below for details. •When used with --use-mailmap, for commit and tag objects, the printed object information shows the size of the object as if the identities recorded in it were replaced by the mailmap mechanism.
--batch-command--batch-commandEnter a command mode that reads commands and arguments from stdin. May only be combined with --buffer, --textconv, --use-mailmap or --filters. •When used with --textconv or --filters, the input lines must specify the path, separated by whitespace. See the section BATCH OUTPUT below for details. •When used with --use-mailmap, for commit and tag objects, the contents command shows the identities replaced using the mailmap mechanism, while the info command shows the size of the object as if it actually recorded the replacement identities. --batch-command recognizes the following commands: content
--batch-all-objectsInstead of reading a list of objects on stdin, perform the requested batch operation on all objects in the repository and any alternate object stores (not just reachable objects). Requires --batch or --batch-check be specified. By default, the objects are visited in order sorted by their hashes; see also --unordered below. Objects are presented as-is, without respecting the "replace" mechanism of git-replace(1).
--bufferNormally batch output is flushed after each object is output, so that a process can interactively read and write from cat-file. With this option, the output uses normal stdio buffering; this is much more efficient when invoking --batch-check or --batch-command on a large number of objects.
--unorderedWhen --batch-all-objects is in use, visit objects in an order which may be more efficient for accessing the object contents than hash order. The exact details of the order are unspecified, but if you do not require a specific order, this should generally result in faster output, especially with --batch. Note that cat-file will still show each object only once, even if it is stored multiple times in the repository.
--allow-unknown-typeAllow -s or -t to query broken/corrupt objects of unknown type.
--follow-symlinksWith --batch or --batch-check, follow symlinks inside the repository when requesting objects with extended SHA-1 expressions of the form tree-ish:path-in-tree. Instead of providing output about the link itself, provide output about the linked-to object. If a symlink points outside the tree-ish (e.g. a link to /foo or a root-level link to ../foo), the portion of the link which is outside the tree will be printed. This option does not (currently) work correctly when an object in the index is specified (e.g. :link instead of HEAD:link) rather than one in the tree. This option cannot (currently) b
-ZOnly meaningful with --batch, --batch-check, or --batch-command; input and output is NUL-delimited instead of newline-delimited.
-zOnly meaningful with --batch, --batch-check, or --batch-command; input is NUL-delimited instead of newline-delimited. This option is deprecated in favor of -Z as the output can otherwise be ambiguous.
DESCRIPTION
Output the contents or other properties such as size, type or delta information of one or more objects.
This command can operate in two modes, depending on whether an option from the --batch family is specified.
In non-batch mode, the command provides information on an object named on the command line.
In batch mode, arguments are read from standard input.
OUTPUT
If -t is specified, one of the <type>.
If -s is specified, the size of the <object> in bytes.
If -e is specified, no output, unless the <object> is malformed.
If -p is specified, the contents of <object> are pretty-printed.
If <type> is specified, the raw (though uncompressed) contents of the <object> will be returned.
BATCH OUTPUT
If --batch or --batch-check is given, cat-file will read objects from stdin, one per line, and print information about them in the same order as they have been read. By default, the whole line is considered as an object, as if it were fed to git-rev-parse(1).
When --batch-command is given, cat-file will read commands from stdin, one per line, and print information based on the command given. With --batch-command, the info command followed by an object will print information about the object the same way --batch-check would, and the contents command followed by an object prints contents in the same way --batch would.
You can specify the information shown for each object by using a custom <format>. The <format> is copied literally to stdout for each object, with placeholders of the form %(atom) expanded, followed by a newline. The available atoms are:
objectname
objecttype
objectsize
objectsize:disk
deltabase
rest
If no format is specified, the default format is %(objectname) %(objecttype) %(objectsize).
If --batch is specified, or if --batch-command is used with the contents command, the object information is followed by the object contents (consisting of %(objectsize) bytes), followed by a newline.
For example, --batch without a custom format would produce:
<oid> SP <type> SP <size> LF <contents> LF
Whereas --batch-check='%(objectname) %(objecttype)' would produce:
<oid> SP <type> LF
If a name is specified on stdin that cannot be resolved to an object in the repository, then cat-file will ignore any custom format and print:
<object> SP missing LF
If a name is specified that might refer to more than one object (an ambiguous short sha), then cat-file will ignore any custom format and print:
<object> SP ambiguous LF
If --follow-symlinks is used, and a symlink in the repository points outside the repository, then cat-file will ignore any custom format and print:
symlink SP <size> LF <symlink> LF
The symlink will either be absolute (beginning with a /), or relative to the tree root. For instance, if dir/link points to ../../foo, then <symlink> will be ../foo. <size> is the size of the symlink in bytes.
If --follow-symlinks is used, the following error messages will be displayed:
<object> SP missing LF
is printed when the initial symlink requested does not exist.
dangling SP <size> LF <object> LF
is printed when the initial symlink exists, but something that it (transitive-of) points to does not.
loop SP <size> LF <object> LF
is printed for symlink loops (or any symlinks that require more than 40 link resolutions to resolve).
notdir SP <size> LF <object> LF
is printed when, during symlink resolution, a file is used as a directory name.
Alternatively, when -Z is passed, the line feeds in any of the above examples are replaced with NUL terminators. This ensures that output will be parsable if the output itself would contain a linefeed and is thus recommended for scripting purposes.
CAVEATS
Note that the sizes of objects on disk are reported accurately, but care should be taken in drawing conclusions about which refs or objects are responsible for disk usage. The size of a packed non-delta object may be much larger than the size of objects which delta against it, but the choice of which object is the base and which is the delta is arbitrary and is subject to change during a repack.
Note also that multiple copies of an object may be present in the object database; in this case, it is undefined which copy’s size or delta base will be reported.